Seventy-Two Letters

Ted Chiang, 2002

short_story

Quadrant Scores

Time Structure
LinearFractured
Pacing
Action-DrivenObservational
Threat Scale
IndividualSystemic
Protagonist Fate
VictoryAssimilation
Conflict Style
Western CombatKishōtenketsu
Price Type
PhysicalIdeological
Todorov's Stages
equilibrium
Description of the starting status quo.
disruption
The inciting incident or protocol failure.
recognition
When the protagonist realizes the disruption.
repair
The attempt to fix or survive it.
new equilibrium
The new, altered status quo.

Structural Analysis

1. Protocol Fiction Mapping (Summer of Protocols)#

  • Render a Rule:
  • Rehearse a Failure Mode:
  • Reveal a Human Insight:

2. Actantial Model (A.J. Greimas)#

  • Subject:
  • Object:
  • Sender (Destinator):
  • Receiver (Destinatee):
  • Helper:
  • Opponent:

3. Todorov's Equilibrium Model#

  • See YAML Frontmatter for stage breakdown.

4. The Freytag Pyramid#

  • Exposition:
  • Climax:

5. Propp's Morphology of the Folktale#

  • Applicable Narratemes:

6. Genette's Narrative Discourse#

  • Order / Duration / Focalization:

7. The Monomyth / Hero's Journey#

  • Subversions:

8. Dan Harmon's Story Circle#

  • The Take (The Price Paid):

9. Save the Cat! Beat Sheet#

  • Pacing Deviations:

10. Kishōtenketsu (Four-Act Structure)#

  • Applicability:

11. The Three-Act Structure#

  • Plot Points:

12. Lévi-Strauss's Binary Oppositions#

  • Primary Binary:
  • Secondary Binary:
  • The Mediator:

13. Cognitive Estrangement (Suvin / Shklovsky)#

  • The Familiar Concept:
  • The Estranging Mechanism:
  • The Cognitive Shift:

14. Bakhtin's Chronotope#

  • The Spatial Matrix:
  • The Temporal Flow:
  • The Point of Intersection:

15. Aristotelian Poetics#

  • Hamartia:
  • Peripeteia:
  • Anagnorisis:

16. Jungian Archetypal Analysis#

  • The Persona:
  • The Shadow:
  • The Anima/Animus:
  • The Trickster:

17. Genette's Transtextuality#

  • Intertextuality:
  • Paratextuality:
  • Metatextuality:

Characters7

Robert StrattonProtagonist, nomenclator

A nomenclator who develops dexterous automata to help the working class. He is recruited by Lord Fieldhurst for a secret biological nomenclature project but turns against him upon learning of his eugenic motives. He uses Roth's autonym to create a self-sustaining human reproduction method.

StrattonMr. Stratton
Harold WilloughbyMaster Sculptor First-Degree

A Master Sculptor at Coade Manufactory who fiercely opposes Stratton's work with dexterous automata, fearing it will replace human sculptors, and threatens to boycott his work.

Willoughby
DaviesAgent of Lord Fieldhurst

A capable man employed by Lord Fieldhurst who serves as a messenger to recruit Stratton and later saves Stratton's life from an assassin at the manufactory.

Edward Maitland, Lord FieldhurstPresident of the Royal Society, zoologist

A noted zoologist who leads the secret project to artificially conceive humans due to impending extinction. He intends to use the resulting technology to enforce population control and eugenics against the lower classes.

Lord Fieldhurstthe earlFieldhurst
Nicholas AshbourneNomenclator

An expert nomenclator and former lecturer who formulated the thermodynamic theory of lexical order for animating ova. He conspires with Stratton to thwart Fieldhurst's eugenics plan.

AshbourneDr. Ashbournethe elder nomenclator
Benjamin RothKabbalist

A kabbalist who seeks Stratton's dexterity epithets for spiritual practices and shares his own 'autonym' epithet for writing. He is killed by an assassin in Stratton's office.

Roth
The AssassinAssassin/Thief

An unnamed man who murders Benjamin Roth and attacks Stratton at the Coade Manufactory, seeking to steal or destroy Stratton's work, likely on behalf of the sculptors.

the manassailant