The original framework for tragedy: hamartia (the fatal flaw), peripeteia (the reversal of fortune), and anagnorisis (the moment of recognition). Maps downfall arcs.
HamartiaPeripeteiaAnagnorisis
Works Using This Framework
136 works| Title | Author | Year | Genre |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1984 | George Orwell | 1949 | |
| A Canticle for Leibowitz | Walter M. Miller, Jr. | 1960 | |
| A Closed and Common Orbit | Becky Chambers | 2016 | |
| A Desolation Called Peace | Arkady Martine | 2021 | |
| A Fire Upon the Deep | Vernor Vinge | 1992 | |
| A Good Shellacking | Stanislaw Lem | 1965 | |
| A Perfect Vacuum (self-review) | Stanislaw Lem | 1971 | |
| Air | Geoff Ryman | 2004 | |
| Altruizine or A True Account of How Bonhomius the Hermetic Hermit Tried to Bring About Universal Happiness | Stanislaw Lem | 1965 | |
| American Gods | Neil Gaiman | 2001 | fantasycontemporary fantasymythic fiction |
| Ammonite | Nicola Griffith | 1992 | |
| Among Others | Jo Walton | 2011 | |
| An Examination of the Work of Herbert Quain | Jorge Luis Borges | 1944 | |
| Ancillary Justice | Ann Leckie | 2013 | sfspace operaai fiction |
| Ancillary Sword | Ann Leckie | 2014 | |
| Anxiety Is the Dizziness of Freedom | Ted Chiang | 2019 | |
| Barrayar | Lois McMaster Bujold | 1991 | |
| Being Inc. | Stanislaw Lem | 1971 | |
| Blackout/All Clear | Connie Willis | 2010 | sftime travelhistorical sf |
| Blue Mars | Kim Stanley Robinson | 1996 | |
| Childhood's End | Arthur C. Clarke | 1953 | |
| Cyteen | C. J. Cherryh | 1988 | |
| Dacey's Patent Automatic Nanny | Ted Chiang | 2019 | |
| De Impossibilitate Vitae / De Impossibilitate Prognoscendi | Stanislaw Lem | 1971 | |
| Death and the Compass | Jorge Luis Borges | 1944 | |
| Die Kultur als Fehler | Stanislaw Lem | 1971 | |
| Division by Zero | Ted Chiang | 2002 | |
| Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? | Philip K. Dick | 1968 | |
| Doomsday Book | Connie Willis | 1992 | |
| Dreamsnake | Vonda N. McIntyre | 1978 | |
| Dune | Frank Herbert | 1965 | sfspace operapolitical sf |
| Ender's Game | Orson Scott Card | 1985 | sfmilitary sfcoming of age |
| Excession | Iain M. Banks | 1996 | science fictionspace operapost-scarcity |
| Exhalation | Ted Chiang | 2019 | |
| Forever Peace | Joe Haldeman | 1997 | |
| Foundation's Edge | Isaac Asimov | 1982 | |
| Funes the Memorious | Jorge Luis Borges | 1944 | |
| Gateway | Frederik Pohl | 1977 | sfhard sfspace exploration |
| Gigamesh | Stanislaw Lem | 1971 | |
| Green Mars | Kim Stanley Robinson | 1993 | |
| Gruppenfuhrer Louis XVI | Stanislaw Lem | 1971 | |
| Hell Is the Absence of God | Ted Chiang | 2002 | |
| How the World Was Saved | Stanislaw Lem | 1965 | |
| Hyperion | Dan Simmons | 1989 | sfspace operaliterary sf |
| I, Robot | Isaac Asimov | 1950 | |
| Idiota | Stanislaw Lem | 1971 | |
| Les Robinsonades | Stanislaw Lem | 1971 | |
| Liking What You See: A Documentary | Ted Chiang | 2002 | |
| Lord of Light | Roger Zelazny | 1967 | |
| Lost Futures | Lisa Tuttle | 1992 | |
| Mirror Dance | Lois McMaster Bujold | 1994 | |
| Network Effect | Martha Wells | 2020 | sfai fictionspace opera |
| New Cosmogony | Stanislaw Lem | 1971 | |
| Non Serviam | Stanislaw Lem | 1971 | |
| Odysseus of Ithaca | Stanislaw Lem | 1971 | |
| Omphalos | Ted Chiang | 2019 | |
| Paladin of Souls | Lois McMaster Bujold | 2003 | |
| Perhaps the Stars | Ada Palmer | 2021 | science fictionpolitical sfphilosophical sf |
| Perycalypsis | Stanislaw Lem | 1971 | |
| Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote | Jorge Luis Borges | 1944 | |
| Queen of the States | Lisa Goldstein | 2003 | |
| Rainbows End | Vernor Vinge | 2006 | |
| Red Mars | Kim Stanley Robinson | 1992 | sfhard sfcolonization |
| Redshirts | John Scalzi | 2012 | |
| Rendezvous with Rama | Arthur C. Clarke | 1973 | sfhard sffirst contact |
| Rien du tout, ou la consequence | Stanislaw Lem | 1971 | |
| Ringworld | Larry Niven | 1970 | sfhard sfspace opera |
| Seventy-Two Letters | Ted Chiang | 2002 | |
| Sexplosion | Stanislaw Lem | 1971 | |
| Snow Crash | Neal Stephenson | 1992 | |
| Solaris | Stanislaw Lem | 1961 | science fictionphilosophical sfpsychological thriller |
| Speaker for the Dead | Orson Scott Card | 1986 | sffirst contactphilosophical sf |
| Stand on Zanzibar | John Brunner | 1968 | sfdystopiasocial sf |
| Starship Troopers | Robert A. Heinlein | 1959 | sfmilitary sf |
| Startide Rising | David Brin | 1983 | sfspace operauplift |
| Story of Your Life | Ted Chiang | 2002 | |
| Stranger in a Strange Land | Robert A. Heinlein | 1961 | sfsocial sf |
| Take Back Plenty | Colin Greenland | 1990 | |
| Tale of the Three Storytelling Machines of King Genius | Stanislaw Lem | 1965 | |
| The Approach to Al-Mu'tasim | Jorge Luis Borges | 1944 | |
| The Calculating Stars | Mary Robinette Kowal | 2018 | sfalternate historyspace race |
| The Circular Ruins | Jorge Luis Borges | 1944 | |
| The Coral Bones | Jynne Martin | 2022 | |
| The Demolished Man | Alfred Bester | 1953 | |
| The Diamond Age | Neal Stephenson | 1995 | sfcyberpunkpostcyberpunk |
| The Dispossessed | Ursula K. Le Guin | 1974 | science fictionutopianpolitical sf |
| The End | Jorge Luis Borges | 1944 | |
| The Evolution of Human Science | Ted Chiang | 2002 | |
| The Fall of Hyperion | Dan Simmons | 1990 | |
| The Fifth Sally (A) or Trurl's Prescription | Stanislaw Lem | 1965 | |
| The Fifth Sally or The Mischief of King Balerion | Stanislaw Lem | 1965 | |
| The First Sally (A) or Trurl's Electronic Bard | Stanislaw Lem | 1965 | |
| The First Sally or The Trap of Gargantius | Stanislaw Lem | 1965 | |
| The Forever War | Joe Haldeman | 1974 | sfmilitary sftime dilation |
| The Form of the Sword | Jorge Luis Borges | 1944 | |
| The Foundation Trilogy | Isaac Asimov | 1951 | |
| The Fountains of Paradise | Arthur C. Clarke | 1979 | |
| The Fourth Sally or How Trurl Built a Femfatalatron | Stanislaw Lem | 1965 | |
| The Garden of Forking Paths | Jorge Luis Borges | 1944 | |
| The Gods Themselves | Isaac Asimov | 1972 | sfhard sf |
| The Great Silence | Ted Chiang | 2019 | |
| The Handmaid's Tale | Margaret Atwood | 1985 | |
| The Left Hand of Darkness | Ursula K. Le Guin | 1969 | sffeminist sfanthropological sf |
| The Library of Babel | Jorge Luis Borges | 1944 | |
| The Lifecycle of Software Objects | Ted Chiang | 2019 | |
| The Lottery in Babylon | Jorge Luis Borges | 1944 | |
| The Martian Chronicles | Ray Bradbury | 1950 | |
| The Merchant and the Alchemist's Gate | Ted Chiang | 2019 | |
| The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress | Robert A. Heinlein | 1966 | sfpolitical sfrevolution fiction |
| The Second Sally or The Offer of King Krool | Stanislaw Lem | 1965 | |
| The Secret Miracle | Jorge Luis Borges | 1944 | |
| The Sect of the Phoenix | Jorge Luis Borges | 1944 | |
| The Separation | Christopher Priest | 2002 | |
| The Seventh Sally or How Trurl's Own Perfection Led to No Good | Stanislaw Lem | 1965 | |
| The Sixth Sally or How Trurl and Klapaucius Created a Demon | Stanislaw Lem | 1965 | |
| The Snow Queen | Joan D. Vinge | 1980 | |
| The South | Jorge Luis Borges | 1944 | |
| The Sparrow | Mary Doria Russell | 1996 | |
| The Stone Sky | N. K. Jemisin | 2017 | |
| The Third Sally or The Dragons of Probability | Stanislaw Lem | 1965 | |
| The Truth of Fact, the Truth of Feeling | Ted Chiang | 2019 | |
| The Uplift War | David Brin | 1987 | |
| The Windup Girl | Paolo Bacigalupi | 2009 | |
| The Years of Rice and Salt | Kim Stanley Robinson | 2002 | |
| The Yiddish Policemen's Union | Michael Chabon | 2007 | sfalternate historynoir |
| Theme of the Traitor and the Hero | Jorge Luis Borges | 1944 | |
| Three Versions of Judas | Jorge Luis Borges | 1944 | |
| Timescape | Gregory Benford | 1980 | |
| Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius | Jorge Luis Borges | 1944 | |
| To Say Nothing of the Dog | Connie Willis | 1997 | |
| Tower of Babylon | Ted Chiang | 2002 | |
| Trurl's Machine | Stanislaw Lem | 1965 | |
| U-Write-It | Stanislaw Lem | 1971 | |
| Understand | Ted Chiang | 2002 | |
| Use of Weapons | Iain M. Banks | 1990 | science fictionspace operamilitary sci-fi |
| What's Expected of Us | Ted Chiang | 2019 |